Busan Subway 308

Busan, Korea

A comprehensive instrumentation system comprising Tiltmeters, Inclinometers, Extensometers, Tape Extensometers, Strain Gages and Load Cells was installed to monitor the safety and stability of subway (section 308) in Busan, Korea.

For additional information, please contact:

Young Eok, Kwon at Heung-In E & I Co., Ltd.

Chaira Pumped Storage Power Plant (CPSPP)-II

Southwest Bulgaria

The hydroelectric complex of the Chaira Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Station is situated in the northern part of the Rila Mountains in southwest Bulgaria. It consists of the Belmeken and Chaira Dams and the Headrace and Penstock Tunnels between them.

During the summer of 1997, instrumentation was installed to monitor the behavior of the Headrace and Penstock Tunnels during filling and operation. The instrumentation around the Headrace Tunnel No. 2 consisted of vibrating wire Piezometers installed both in the concrete lining and in the surrounding rock.

The instrumentation in the Penstock Tunnels consisted of vibrating wire Strain Gages to measure stress in the concrete and Embedment Jointmeters to measure any detachment of the concrete from the steel liner. Readings were taken and recorded using the GK-403 Vibrating Wire Readout Box.

For additional information, please contact:

Petko Slavov

FCC (Line 7)

Madrid, Spain

The construction of the FCC (Line 7) subway in Madrid used a combination of both cut and cover and TBM excavation methods.

The retaining walls, supporting the cut and cover excavation, were instrumented with Strain Gages, Inclinometers, Pressure Cells and Piezometers.

Tunnel sections were instrumented with Concrete Stress Cells.

For additional information, please contact:

Javier Andreu at Ingeneria de Instrumentacion Y Control